Zhongshu zhengkao 中樞政考 "Treatises on the management of military affairs" (literally: of the central and important) is a compendium on military administration of the Qing period 清 (1644-1911) compiled on imperial order by a team of scholars under the supervision of Ortai (Ch. E'ertai 鄂爾泰, 1677-1745).
The book was finished in 1741. In 31 juan, the book lists the administrative and judicial regulations for the Chinese Green Standard troops (lüqi 綠旗) and the Eight Banners (baqi 八旗) covering all aspects of the state officials, bestowing of titles of nobility, household managment, granaries, field systems, the military administration, postal system, passes and fords, rules to deal with bandits and miscellaneous misdoings.
The Eight Banner section furthermore includes regulations for the imperial palace guard, the procurement of horses and the construction of palace buildings. The Green Standards section includes regulations for the grain transport on the Imperial Canal as well as for the native chieftains.
A third part explains special regulations of the Eight Banners. The three parts are numbered according to three different systems (Celestial Stems, natural materials and moral conduct) to enable a quicker search in the book. The Zhongshu zhengkao can be seen as an extract of the regulations in the Da-Qing huidian 大清會典.
The Xu zhongshu zhengkao 續中樞政考 is a modernized version of the Zhongshu zhengkao. It was compiled on imperial order by a team of scholars under the supervision of Mingliyang (Ch. Mingliang 明亮, 1736-1822). The 72-juan long Xu zhengkao was finished in 1824. The first part deals with regulations for the Eight Banners, the second part with those for the Chinese Green Standard troops. A supplement to this edition was published in 1832, including 4 juan, the first covering aspects of the Banners, the other three aspects of the Green Standards.
1741 edition | |||
---|---|---|---|
First Series (Green Standards) | Second Series (Eight Banners) | 八旗則例 Baqi zeli Regulations for the Eight Banners | |
chapters | position (Celestial Stem and no. of juan) | position (material and no. of juan) | position (moral conduct and no. of juan) |
職制 Appointment and number of posts | 甲乙 1-2 | 金 1 | 忠 1 |
公式 Temporary appointment and demotion, bookkeeping, reports | 丙 3 | 石 2 | 忠 2 |
戶役 or 戶口 Household administration | 丁 4 | 絲 3 | 孝 3 |
俸餉 Military pay | 孝 4 | ||
倉庫 Grain and monetary affairs | 丁 5 | 絲 4 | 孝 5 |
學政 Education | 孝 6 | ||
典禮 Canonic rites and etiquette, social affairs | 廉 7 | ||
兵制 Staffing different types of units | 廉 8 | ||
漕運 Grain transport system | 丁 6 | ||
田宅 Field allotment | 戊 7 | 絲 5 | |
儀制 Etiquette, social affairs | 戊 8 | 絲 6 | |
馬政 Horse administration | 戊 9 | 土 11 | 廉 9 |
禁令 Prohibitions | 廉 10 | ||
訓練 Training | 節 11 | ||
駐防 Regulations for provincial Banner Garrisons | 節 12 | ||
宮衛 Palace guard | 土 9 | ||
郵驛 Postal system | 己 10 | 土 10 | |
關津 Passes and fords | 庚 11 | 革 12 | |
軍政 Military service and military law | 辛 12 | 竹瓠 7-8 | |
土番 Native troops | 辛 13 | ||
盜賊 Constabulary service | 壬 14 | 革 13 | |
營造 Manufacturing and craftsmanship | 癸 15 | 革 14 | |
雜犯 Miscellaneous delicts | 癸 16 | 木 15 | |
1824 edition | |||
八旗 Baqi Eight Banners | 綠營 Luying Green Standard troops | ||
品級 Ranks of officers | 1 | 1 | |
營制 Regulations concerning the garrisons | 1 | ||
開例 Ranks that can fill a vacancy of a higher post | 1 | 1 | |
京營 Regulations for the Capital garrisons | 1 | ||
補放 Filling vacancies | 2-4 | ||
銓政 Regulations for appointment | 2 | ||
題調 Selection of garrison commanders | 3 | ||
水師 Naval forces | 4 | ||
門衛 Gate guards | 4 | ||
邊俸 Border defence | 4 | ||
揀選 Regulations for the selection to fill vacancies | 5 | ||
保舉 Promotion of replacement persons | 5 | ||
考拔 Filling vacancies of lower official posts | 5 | ||
奏派 Replacement persons for dispatched officials | 5 | ||
封廕 Interitance of ranks | 5 | ||
改武 Appointment of civilians to military posts | 5 | ||
世職 Interitance of posts | 6 | ||
封贈 Ennoblement | 6 | ||
襲廕 Inheritance of posts | 6 | ||
程限 Time limits to take over an appointment | 6 | ||
開缺 Vacancies | 7 | ||
親老 Leave for family reasons | 7 | ||
土番 Native auxiliary troops | 8 | 7 | |
儀制 Etiquette and social affairs | 7 | 8 | |
通例 General regulations | 8 | 8 | |
公式 Temporary appointment and demotion | 9-12 | 9-12 | |
禁令 Prohibitions | 13 | 13 | |
宮衛 Palace guard | 14 | ||
倉庫 Grain and monetary affairs | 14 | 14 | |
俸餉 Military pay | 15 | 14 | |
戶口 Household administration | 16 | 15 | |
田宅 Field allotment | 17 | 15 | |
承催 Regulations for handling of monetary transfers and copying with errors | 17 | 16 | |
漕運 Grain transport system | 17-18 | ||
營伍 Personal offences by soldiers | 18 | 19-20 | |
軍政 Miliary service and military law | 19 | 20 | |
議功 Proposals for promotion because of military acheivements | 21-22 | 21 | |
關津 Passes and fords | 22 | 23 | |
巡洋 Maritime border inspection | 22 | 22-23 | |
緝捕 Arrestation of thieves and bandits | 23 | 24 | |
雜犯 Miscellaneous delicts | 24-26 | 25 | |
八旗馬 Horses of the Eight Banners | 27 | ||
駐防馬 Horses of the provincial Banner garrisons | 28 | ||
綠營馬 Horses of the Green Standard troops | 26 | ||
牧馬 Pasturing horses | 26 | ||
馬禁 Prohibitions concerning horses | 26 | ||
驛額 Numbers of personnel and horses in postal stations | 27-31 | ||
驛費 Expenditure of postal stations | 31-33 | ||
驛遞 Forwarding mail in postal stations | 33 | ||
給驛 Allocation of horses to staff and troops | 34 | ||
限期 Time restrictions | 35 | ||
郵禁 Prohibitions concerning mail | 35 | ||
驛站責成 Management of postal stations | 36 | ||
郵符 Special envoys and tallies | 36 | ||
疆護 Strong escorts | 36 | ||
坐臺 Service in stations as imposition of officials | 37 | ||
鑾儀衛支更 Watchmen of the Imperial Procession Guard | 37 | ||
訓練 Training | 28-29 | ||
兵制 Staffing different types of units | 30-31 | 37-38 | |
考試 Examinations | 39 | ||
營造 Manufacturing and craftsmanship | 32 | 40 | |
Arrangement by Ulrich Theobald, following the Gugong zhenben congkan edition 故宮珍本叢刊 from 2000 (Haikou: Hainan chubanshe, Vols. 323-329). |