Xizhao tulüe 西招圖略, also called Zhenfu shiyi 鎮撫事宜 "Rules for pacification and administration", is a book on Tibet compiled by Sungyūn 松筠 (1754-1835), who was 1794-1799 resident minister (amban) in Tibet (zhu Zang banshi dachen 駐藏辦事大臣). It was finished in 1789 and is divided into 28 chapters providing information on many aspects of administration, reaching from the organization of the military to taxes, law, and selection of personnel. The texts also gives information on the customs and habits of the Tibetans. The book includes twelve maps, on which mountains, rivers, military garrisons, and borders are marked.
The text provides information on important matters in Tibet, like the Dalai Lamas, Panchen Lamas and the cabinet, monks, the nobility, tribes, household registers, religion, and customs, yet a major part of the text describes measures to be taken to prevent internal turmoils and foreign intrusions like the Gorkha invasions from Nepal in 1788-1792. The appendix includes a list of postal stations reaching from Chengdu 成都, Sichuan, to Central Tibet
The book was printed in 1823, 1847, and 1898 (lithography by Shanghai Press 上海書局), and reprinted in 1982 by the Xizang Renmin Press 西藏人民出版社, in a joint edition with Xizang tukao 西藏圖考. It is also part of the collection Xizhao wu zhong 西招五種.
安邊 | Anbian | Keeping quiet the borderland |
撫藩 | Fufan | Soothing the tribes |
戒怒 | Jienu | Impeding the angry |
遏欲 | Eyu | Curbing the covetous |
抑強 | Yiqiang | Repressing the strong |
除苛 | Chuke | Eliminating the evil |
厲俗 | Lisu | Sharpening the customs |
慎刑 | Shenxing | Keeping to justice |
綏遠 | Suiyuan | Pacifying the distant regions |
懷柔 | Huairou | Pitying the weak |
成才 | Chengcai | Accomplishing the talented |
述事 | Shushi | Documenting matters |
審隘 | Shen'ai | Investigating difficult spots |
量敵 | Liangdi | Assessing the enemy |
合操 | Hecao | Unifing for practice |
行操 | Xingcao | Carrying out practice |
練兵 | Lianbing | Training the troops |
申律 | Shenlü | Extending the rules |
制師 | Zhishi | Controlling the troops |
馭眾 | Yuzhong | Guiding the masses |
堅陣 | Jianzhen | Strengthening the battle order |
出奇 | Chuqi | Displaying out heterodox modes |
倡勇 | Changyong | Rewarding the braves |
謹勝 | Jinsheng | Respecting the victorious |
善始 | Shanshi | Excelling in the beginning |
持志 | Chizhi | Maintaining one's will |
防微 | Fangwei | Defending details |
守正 | Shouzheng | Protecting the correct |