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Emperor Wen 陳文帝 (r. 559-566), personal name Chen Qian 陳蒨 (522-566), courtesy name Zihua 子華, was an emperor of the Chen dynasty 陳 (557-589), one of the Southern Dynasties 南朝 (420-589). He was a nephew of the dynastic founder Chen Baxian 陳霸先 (Emperor Wu 陳武帝, r. 557-559).
During the rebellion of Hou Jing 侯景 (503-552), Chen Qian was held a hostage. When Chen Baxian began to dominate the shattered Liang 梁 (502-557) empire, he was appointed governor (taishou 太守) of the commandery of Guiji 會稽. In 557, after the foundation of the Chen dynasty, he was invested as Prince of Linchuan 臨川. Because his only surviving son Chen Chang 陳昌 (c. 537-560) was a hostage in the Northern Zhou empire 北周 (557-581), Chen Baxian nominated Chen Qian Heir Apparent. In 559, the mounted the throne and made his son Chen Bozong 陳伯宗 (the eventual Deposed Emperor 陳廢帝, r. 566-568) Crown Prince.
Chen Qian came from a humble background and understood the hardships of the common people. After ascending to the throne, he prioritised frugality in state expenditures and sought to ensure the people could live and recover in peace. He reformed the administration, strictly punishing unlawful behavior. He banned the private production and sale of salt and alcohol to supplement state revenues. He also conducted a thorough review of household registrations, requiring all people to be officially registered without distinction.
In 561, central China, where the remainders of the house of Liang (Xiao Zhuang 蕭莊) held control over a dominion called Later Liang 後梁 (555-587), was reintegrated into the Chen empire. Like his uncle, Chen Qian also chose to become a monk. Having died after ailment, he was succeeded by his son. He was buried in Yongling Mound 永寧陵. His posthumous title was Emperor Wen, and his temple name Emperor Shizu 陳世祖.