The following list includes historical native tribes living within the present boundaries of China, non-Chinese tribes who founded dynasties on Chinese soil (as well as the names of their states, like both Qidan 契丹 / Kitans, and Liao 遼), and foreign states and peoples with which the Chinese dynasties had established "diplomatic relations" (like Anxi 安息 / Parthia, or Paekche 百濟). It does not include peoples officially designated as "national minorities" by the People's Republic of China.
All names are rendered in the Chinese version and the original name (like Baiji and Paekche). In some cases, several transcriptions are provided (like Beshbalik, Bešbalik, Bešbaliq). Foreign states are only given from the Chinese perspective (there is, therefore, no keyword "Persia"), except for the case of India (Tianzhu 天竺). States of Europe and America are not included.
The Chinese names of states of Southeast and South Asia and the Near East are only included as keywords, without articles referring to them (lists of these countries can be found in the table of contents of the books Yingya shenglan 瀛涯勝覽 and Xingcha shenglan 星槎勝覽). A complete list of the countries of the Tarim Basin and beyond can be found in the article on the Silk Road.
| A [top] |
| Abage 阿巴噶 |
Chinese for Abaɣa, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Abaɣa |
tribe of Inner Mongolia, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Abaɣanar |
tribe of Inner Mongolia, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Abahana'er 阿巴哈納爾 |
Chinese for Abaɣanar, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Adan 阿丹 |
Chinese name for Aden in Arabia |
| Ailao 哀牢 |
native tribes the modern province of Yunnan, Han period |
| Aksu |
see Gumo 姑墨 |
| Alaša |
tribe of Inner Mongolia, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Alashan 阿拉善 |
Chinese for Alaša, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Alu Ke'erqin 阿嚕科爾沁 |
Chinese for Aru Qorčin, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Anguo 安國 |
state of the Soghdiana, Tang period |
| Anxi 安息 |
Chinese name for Parthia, Han period |
| Anxi duhufu 安西都護 |
Protectorate of the Pacified West (Tang) |
| Anxi sizhen 安西四鎮 |
Four defense commands of the Protectorate of the Pacified West, see Qiuci 龜茲, Shule 疏勒, Yanqi 疏勒 , Yutian 于闐, see also Protectorate of the Pacified West |
| Aohan 敖漢 |
Chinese for Aoqan, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Aoqan |
tribe of Inner Mongolia, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Aru Qorčin |
tribe of Inner Mongolia, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Astana |
see Gaochang 高昌 |
| Avars |
erroneous Western term for Rouran 柔然 |
| B [top] |
| Ba 巴 |
native state in modern Chongqing, Zhou period |
| Baɣarin |
tribe of Inner Mongolia, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Baiji 百濟 |
Chinese reading of Paekche, a kingdom in ancient Korea |
| Balin 巴林 |
Chinese for Baɣarin, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Banggela 榜葛剌 |
Chinese name for Bengal |
| Bašmyls 拔悉蜜 |
Türkish tribe, Tang period |
| Baximi 拔悉蜜 |
see Bašmyls |
| Beilu 卑陸 |
city state north of the Silk Road |
| Beiting 北庭 |
Protectorate in the Western Territories, see also Tingzhou 庭州 |
| Beiwei 北魏 |
Northern Wei, dynasty founded by the Taɣbač tribe |
| Beshbalik (Bešbalik, Bešbaliq) 別失八里 |
Türkish state around modern Ürümqi, Tang period |
| Bohai 渤海 |
Parhae, state north of modern North Korea |
| Buliyate 布里雅特 |
Chinese name for the Buryats |
| Buryats |
steppe people |
| C [top] |
| Cambodia |
see Funan and Zhenla |
| Caoguo 曹國 |
state of the Soghdiana, Tang period |
| Čerčen |
see Qiemo 且末 |
| Chajala 茶札剌 |
Chinese name for the Jalayirs |
| Cheshi 車師 |
city state of the Silk Road |
| Chaoxian 朝鮮 |
Chinese reading for Chosŏn, Korea |
| Chenla |
see Zhenla 真臘 |
| Chile 敕勒 |
Türkish steppe tribe, pre-Tang |
| Chosŏn 朝鮮 |
see Korea |
| Chu 楚 |
native state in the middle Yangtze region, Zhou period |
| D [top] |
| Dada 韃靼 |
Tatars, i. e. the Mongols after the Yuan period |
| Dali 大理 |
native state in the modern province of Yunnan, Song period |
| Dangxiang 黨項 |
Chinese name for the Tanguts |
| Danhuan 單桓 |
city state north of the Silk Road |
| Daqin 大秦 |
Chinese name for the Levant, often identified with the Roman empire |
| Dashi 大食 |
Chinese name for the Muslim states Persia, Tang period |
| Daxia 大夏 |
Chinese name for Bactria, Han period |
| Dayuan 大宛 |
state in the far west, in modern Uzbekistan, Han period |
| Deruo 德若 |
state in the Pamir Range, on the way to India |
| Di 狄 |
steppe tribe, generic designation for "northern barbarians" |
| Di 氐 |
native people in the modern province of Gansu, Han to Northern Dynasties periods |
| Dian 滇 |
native state in the modern province of Yunnan, Han period |
| Dilie 敵烈 |
steppe tribe, proto-Mongols, Tang period |
| Dingling 丁零 |
steppe tribe, proto-Türks, Northern Dynasties period |
| Dörbed |
tribe of Inner Mongolia, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Dörben Keüked |
tribe of Inner Mongolia, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Dunhuang 敦煌 |
westernmost commandery of ancient China |
| Dzungars 準噶爾 |
see Oirats |
| E [top] |
| Edsine-Torgud |
tribe of Inner Mongolia, see Mongols (Qing) |
| E'erduosi 鄂爾多斯 |
Chinese for Ordos, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Ejina Tu'erhute 額濟納土爾扈特 |
Chinese for Edsine-Torgud, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Elute 厄魯特 |
Chinese name for the Oirats |
| F [top] |
| Funan 扶南 |
state in Cambodia, Southern Dynasties period |
| Fuyu 夫余 |
state in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, Tang period |
| G [top] |
| Gaochang 高昌 |
kingdom north of the Silkroad, today in Xinjiang |
| Gaoche 高車 |
steppe tribe, proto-Türks, Han period |
| Gaogouli 高句麗 |
Chinese reading of Koguryŏ, a kingdom in ancient Korea |
| Gaoli 高麗 |
Chinese reading of Koryŏ, the name of mediaeval Korea |
| Gelan 葛蘭 |
Chinese name for Quilon or Kulam in southern India |
| Geluolu 葛邏祿 |
Chinese name for the Qarluq, a steppe tribe |
| Gorlos |
tribe of Inner Mongolia, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Guawa 瓜哇 |
Chinese name for Java |
| Guihuacheng Tumote 歸化城土默特 |
Chinese for the Tümed from Köke Qota, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Guishuang 貴霜 |
Chinese name for the Kushan state, modern Afghanistan |
| Guizi |
see Qiuci 龜茲 |
| Guli 古里 |
Chinese name for Calicut in southern India |
| Gumo 姑墨 |
city state of the Silk Road |
| Guo'erluosi 郭爾羅斯 |
Chinese for Gorlos, see Mongols (Qing) |
| H [top] |
| Hami |
see Yizhou 伊州 |
| Hanguo 韓國 (Hanguk) |
see Korea |
| Haoqite 浩齊特 |
Chinese for Qaɣučid, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Heihan 黑汗 |
the Karakhan states in modern Xiang and Uzbekistan, Song period |
| Heguo 何國 |
state of the Soghdiana, Tang period |
| Hephthalites (White Huns) or Yeda 嚈噠 |
nomad tribe in modern Afghanistan and India |
| Hongjila 弘吉剌 |
Chinese name for the Qonggirads, a steppe tribe |
| Hu 胡 |
generic Chinese designation of steppe tribes |
| Huhu 狐胡 |
city state north of the Silk Road |
| Huihe 回紇 |
old Chinese name for the Uyghurs |
| Huihu 回鶻 |
old Chinese name for the Uyghurs |
| Hulumosi 忽魯謨廝 |
Chinese name for Hormuz, Oman |
| Huns |
erroneous Western term for Xiongnu 匈奴 |
| Huoxun 火尋 |
state of the Soghdiana, Tang period |
| J [top] |
| J̌alaid |
tribe of Inner Mongolia, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Japan 日本 |
|
| J̌arud |
tribe of Inner Mongolia, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Jiaohe 交河 |
administrative centre at the Silk Road, first headquarters of the Protectorate of the Pacified West (Tang), see also Cheshi 車師, Gaochang 高昌 |
| Jibin 罽賓 |
Kashmir |
| Jie 羯 |
steppe tribe, Northern Dynasties period |
| Jie 劫 |
city state north of the Silk Road |
| Jilijisi 吉利吉思 |
Chinese name for the Qirqizes |
| Jin dynasty 金 |
Chinese dynasty founded by the Jurchens |
| Jimsar |
see Cheshi 車師 and Tingzhou 庭州 |
| Jingjue 精絕 |
city state of the Silk Road |
| Jiuxiang 舊香 |
Chinese name for Palembang, a city on Sumatera, Indonesia |
| Juandu 捐毒 |
state in the Pamir Range, on the way to India |
| Jurchen 女真 |
tribal federation of northeast China, ancestors to the Manchus |
| K [top] |
| Ka'erka 喀爾喀 |
Chinese for Qalqa, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Kalaqin 喀喇沁 |
Chinese for Qaracin, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Kalmyks |
see Oirats |
| Kangguo 康國 |
state of the Soghdiana, Tang period |
| Kangju 康居 |
tribe in modern Kazakhstan, Han period |
| Karakhans "Black Khans" |
Muslim states in modern Xinjiang and Uzbekistan |
| Karakum |
see Weili 尉犁 |
| Karašahr |
see Yanqi 焉耆 |
| Kargan |
see Shanshan 鄯善 |
| Karghalik |
see Xiye 西夜 |
| Karluks |
see Qarluqs |
| Kashmir |
see Jibin 罽賓 |
| Kašgar |
see Shule 疏勒 |
| Ke'erqin 科爾沁 |
Chinese for Qorčin, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Kelie 克烈 |
Chinese name for the Kereyids |
| Keraits |
see Kereyids |
| Kereyids |
Türkish tribe |
| Keriya |
see Yumi 扜彌 |
| Keshiketeng 克什克騰 |
Chinese for Kesigten, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Kesigten |
tribe of Inner Mongolia, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Kezhi 柯枝 |
Chinese name for Cochin in southern India |
| Khotan |
see Yutian 于闐 |
| Khwarezmia |
state in Central Asia |
| Kipchaks, see Qibčaq ulus (Golden Horde) |
Türkish tribes in the western steppe |
| Kirgizes, see Qirqizes |
Türkish tribe |
| Kitans |
steppe people, proto-Mongols founding the Chinese Liao dynasty |
| Kočo |
see Gaochang 高昌 |
| Koguryŏ 高句麗 |
see Korea |
| Korea |
|
| Korla |
see Quli 渠犁 |
| Koryŏ 高麗 |
see Korea |
| Kuča |
see Qiuci 龜茲 |
| Kunling 昆陵 |
Protectorate in the Western Territories |
| Kushana |
state in modern Afghanistan |
| L [top] |
| Li 黎 |
see Jiuli 九黎 |
| Liao 遼 |
Chinese state founded by the Kitans |
| Lidai 黎代 |
Chinese name for Litai or Lide in Sumatera |
| Linyi 林邑 |
see Champa |
| Liuqiu/Ryūkyū |
island group in the East China Sea, early name for Taiwan |
| Liushan 溜山 |
Chinese name for the Maldive Islands |
| Lixuan 黎軒 |
perhaps Eastern Rome |
| Loulan 樓蘭 |
city state of the Silk Road |
| Luntai 輪臺 |
military garrison at the Silk Road |
| Luoxing 裸形 |
Chinese name for the Nicobar Islands |
| M [top] |
| Malgal |
Korean reading of Mohe 靺鞨 |
| Man 蠻 |
generic designation for native tribes in southern China |
| Manlajia 滿剌加 |
Chinese name for Malacca |
| Maoming'an 茂明安 |
Chinese for Muumingɣan, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Mengchi 濛池 |
Protectorate in the Western Territories |
| Menggu 蒙古 |
Chinese name for the Mongols |
| Merkits |
steppe tribe |
| Miao 苗 |
general term for native tribes in southwestern China |
| Mie'rqi 蔑兒乞 |
see Merkits |
| Miguo 米國 |
state of the Soghdiana, Tang period |
| Mohe 靺鞨 |
Tungus people in northeast China |
| Mongols |
steppe people founding the Chinese Yuan dynasty |
| Muguo 穆國 |
state of the Soghdiana, Tang period |
| Muumingɣan |
tribe of Inner Mongolia, see Mongols (Qing) |
| N [top] |
| Naboli 那浡里 |
Chinese name for Lamuri in Sumatera [not Naples! 😃] |
| Nagu'r 那孤兒 |
(Chinese name for Nagur or Nakur in Sumatera |
| Naiman 奈曼 |
tribe of Inner Mongolia, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Naimans 乃蠻 |
Türkish tribe |
| Nandou 難兜 |
state in the Pamir Range, on the way to India |
| Nanzhao 南詔 |
native state in the modern province of Yunnan, Tang period |
| Northern Wei 北魏 |
Chinese dynasty founded by the Taɣbač tribe |
| Nüzhen 女真 |
Chinese name for the Jurchens |
| P [top] |
| Paekche 百濟 |
see Korea |
| Parhae |
Korean reading of Bohai 渤海 |
| Parthia |
see Anxi 安息 |
| Piao 驃 |
Chinese name for the kingdom of Pyu in Myanmar, Tang period |
| Pishan 皮山 |
state on the Silk Road, gateway to India through the Pamir Range |
| Pu 濮 |
native tribes living in the middle Yangtze region, Zhou period |
| Pulei 蒲類 |
city state north of the Silk Road |
| Puli 蒲犁 |
state in the Pamir Range, on the way to India |
| Puyŏ |
Korean reading of Fuyu 夫余 |
| Pyu, state in Myanmar |
see Piao 驃 |
| Q [top] |
| Qaɣučid |
tribe of Inner Mongolia, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Qalqa |
Mongolian tribe, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Qaracin |
tribe of Inner Mongolia, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Qarakhans 黑汗 |
Türkish states in Eastern Turkestan |
| Qarluqs |
Türkish tribe |
| Qiang 羌 |
common designation for Tangutan peoples |
| Qibi 契苾 |
Türkish tribe, Tang period |
| Qidan 契丹 |
Chinese name for the Kitans |
| Qiemi 且彌 |
city state north of the Silk Road |
| Qiemo 且末 |
city state of the Silk Road |
| Qibčaq, see Qibčaq ulus (Golden Horde) |
Türkish tribes in the western steppe |
| Qincha 欽察 |
Chinese name for the Qibčaq, see Qibčaq ulus (Golden Horde), see also Qibčaq Guards |
| Qirqizes |
Türkish tribe |
| Qiuci 龜茲 |
city state of the Silk Road |
| Qorčin |
tribe of Inner Mongolia, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Qule 渠勒 |
city state of the Silk Road |
| Quli 渠犁 |
city state of the Silk Road |
| R [top] |
| Rong 戎 |
generic designation for nomad peoples of the west |
| Ronglu 戎盧 |
city state of the Silk Road |
| Rouran 柔然 |
proto-Türkish tribe, Han to Northern Dynasties period |
| Rouzhi |
see Yuezhi 月氏 |
| Ruoqiang 婼羌 |
city state of the Silk Road |
| Ryūkyū |
see Liuqiu/Ryūkyū |
| S [top] |
| Sai 塞 |
Chinese name for the Sakas |
| Sakas |
Indo-European people in western China, Han period |
| Sanmiao 三苗 |
barbarian tribes in high antiquity, see Miao 苗 |
| Jiuli 九黎 |
barbarian tribes in high antiquity |
| Scythians |
erroneous Western term for Yuezhi 月氏 or Tokharians |
| Shache 莎車 |
city state of the Silk Road |
| Shan 撣 |
native tribe in the hilly north of modern Myanmar |
| Shanguo 山國 |
city state north of the Silk Road |
| Shanshan 鄯善 |
city state of the Silk Road |
| Shatuo Türks 沙陀突厥 |
|
| Shendu 身毒 (Chinese name for India) |
see Tianzhu 天竺 |
| Shiguo 石國 |
state of the Soghdiana, Tang period |
| Shiguo 史國 |
state of the Soghdiana, Tang period |
| Shiwei 室韋 |
people of northeast China |
| Shu 蜀 |
native state in modern Sichuan, Zhou period |
| Shule 疏勒 |
city state of the Silk Road |
| Silla 新羅 |
see Korea |
| Sizi buluo 四子部落 |
Chinese for Dörben Keüked, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Soghdiana 粟特 |
region in southern Kirgistan and northern Afghanistan |
| Suiye 碎葉 |
defense command of the Protectorate of the West, Kirgizstan (Tang) |
| Sumendala 蘇門答臘 |
Chinese name for Sumatera |
| Sunite 蘇尼特 |
Chinese for Sünid, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Sushen 肅慎 |
tribe in northeast China, Zhou period |
| Sute 粟特 |
see Soghdiana |
| Sünid |
tribe of Inner Mongolia, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Syr-Tarduš 薛延陀 |
Türkish tribe |
| T [top] |
| Tabghač |
European form of Taɣbač |
| Taɣbač |
tribe of the Xianbei, founders of the Northern Wei empire |
| Tanguts 黨項 |
tribes related to the Tibetans, founders of the Western Xia empire |
| Taohuai 桃槐 |
state in the Pamir Range, on the way to India |
| Taoxi er qi 套西二旗 |
Chinese for Alaša and Edsine-Torgud, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Tatars |
Chinese designation for the Mongols after the Yuan period |
| Tatars |
European name for the Manchus |
| Tianfang 天方 |
Chinese name for Mecca |
| Tianzhu 天竺 |
Chinese name for India |
| Tibet 吐蕃/西藏 |
|
| Tiele 鐵勒 |
Chinese name for the Tölöš |
| Tingzhou 庭州 |
prefecture of the Protectorate of the West (Tang) |
| Tölöš |
Türkish tribe |
| Tu'erbote 杜爾伯特 |
Chinese for Dörbed, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Tümed |
tribe of Inner Mongolia, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Tumote 土默特 |
Chinese for Tümed, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Tuoba 拓跋 |
Chinese name for the Taɣbač |
| Tokhara 吐火羅 |
region in modern Kazakhstan and Afghanistan inhabited by the Tokharians |
| Tokharians |
see Yuezhi 月氏 |
| Tubo 吐蕃 |
ancient state in Tibet, Tang period |
| Tufan 吐蕃 |
erroneously for Tubo |
| Tujue 突厥 |
Chinese name for the Türks |
| Türgiš |
Türkish tribe |
| Tuqishi 突騎施 |
Chinese name for the Türgiš |
| Turfan 吐魯番 |
see also Cheshi 車師 and Xizhou 西州 |
| Turkestan, Eastern or Chinese T. (Xinjiang 新疆) |
|
| Türks |
|
| Tuguhun |
erroneously for Tuyuhun 吐谷渾 |
| Turpan |
see Turfan 吐魯番 |
| Tuyuhun 吐谷渾 |
Tangutan tribe in the region of modern Gansu and Qinghai, Tang period |
| W [top] |
| Wa 倭 |
ancient Chinese designation of the Japanese |
| Wala 瓦剌 |
Chinese name of the Oirats |
| Wanggu 汪古 |
Chinese name of the Önggüds |
| Weili 尉犁 |
city state of the Silk Road |
| Weitou 尉頭 |
city state of the Silk Road |
| Weiwu'r 維吾爾 |
modern Chinese name of the Uyghurs |
| Weixu 危須 |
city state of the Silk Road |
| Wengniute 翁牛特 |
Chinese for Ongniɣud, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Wensu 溫宿 |
city state of the Silk Road |
| Western Xia 西夏 |
Chinese-style dynasty founded by Tanguts |
| White Huns |
see Hephthalites |
Woju 沃沮 |
alternative transcription of Mohe 靺鞨 |
| Woyila 斡亦剌 |
Chinese name of the Oirats |
| Wu 吳 |
native state in modern Zhejiang and Jiangsu, Zhou period |
| Wudi 戊地 |
state of the Soghdiana, Tang period |
| Wugu 烏古 |
steppe tribe, Liao and Jin periods |
| Wuhuan 烏桓 |
steppe tribe in northeast China, Han period |
| Wuji 勿吉 |
alternative transcription of Mohe 靺鞨 |
| Wuji Xiaowei 戊己校尉 |
commandery, headquarters of the Protectorate of the Western Territories (Han) |
| Wulate 烏拉特 |
Chinese for Urad, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Wulei 無雷 |
state in the Pamir Range, on the way to India |
| Wulei 烏壘 |
city state of the Silk Road |
| Wusun 烏孫 |
steppe tribe in northwest China, Han period |
| Wutanzili 烏貪訾離 |
city state north of the Silk Road |
| Wutuo 烏托 |
state in the Pamir Range, on the way to India |
| Wuyishanli 烏弋山離 |
state in the Pamir Range, on the way to India |
| Wuzhumuqin 烏珠穆沁 |
Chinese for Üǰumüčin, see Mongols (Qing) |
| X [top] |
| Xi 奚 |
tribe of northeast China, Tang period |
| Xianbei 鮮卑 |
proto-Türkish tribe, Northern Dynasties period |
| Xianluo 暹羅 |
Chinese name for Siam, modern Thailand |
| Xianyun 玁狁 |
barbarian tribes in northwest China, Western Zhou period |
| Xiaowan 小宛 |
city state of the Silk Road |
| Xilan 錫蘭 |
Chinese name for Ceylon, modern Sri Lanka |
| Xinjiang 新疆 |
Eastern or Chinese Türkestan |
| Xinluo 新羅 |
Chinese reading for Silla, a kingdom in ancient Korea |
| Xiongnu 匈奴 |
steppe tribe |
| Xiuxun 休循 |
state in the Pamir Range, on the way to India |
| Xixia 西夏 (Western Xia) |
Chinese-style dynasty founded by Tanguts |
| Xiye 西夜 |
state in the Pamir Range, on the way to India |
| Xiyu 西域 |
Western Territories, old Chinese designation of the states in today's Xinjiang (Han-Ming), for the individual states see Silk Road |
| Xiyu duhufu 西域都護府 |
Protectorate of the Western Territories (Han) |
| Xizhou 西州 |
prefecture of the Protectorate of the West (Tang) |
| Xueyantuo 薛延陀 |
Chinese name for Syr-Tarduš |
| Y [top] |
| Yalu 啞魯 |
Chinese name for Aru in Sumatera |
| Yanqi 焉耆 |
city state of the Silk Road |
| Yarkant |
see Shache 莎車 |
| Yarkhoto |
see Cheshi 車師 |
| Yeda 嚈噠 |
see Hephthalites |
| Yelang 夜郎 |
native polity in southwest China (Han) |
| Yengisar |
see Wulei 烏壘 |
| Yi 夷 |
generic term for eastern barbarians, later for barbarians in general, and especially for those arriving from the sea |
| Yili Bali 亦力把里 (Ili Balik, Ili Baliq) |
state in Eastern Turkestan, 14th-16th cent. |
| Yili 伊犁 |
see Ili |
| Yilou 挹婁 |
Tungusic tribe in northeast China |
| Yinai 依耐 |
state in the Pamir Range, on the way to India |
| Yiwu 伊吾 |
see Yizhou 伊州 |
| Yizhi 移支 |
city state north of the Silk Road |
| Yizhou 伊州 |
prefecture of the Protectorate of the West (Tang) |
| Yue 越 |
native state in modern Zhejiang, Zhou period |
| Yue 越, Bai Yue 百越 "Hundred Yue" |
native tribes inhabiting southern China |
| Yuezhi 月氏 |
Tokharians, Indo-European people in western China |
| Yulishi 郁立師 |
city state north of the Silk Road |
| Yumi 扜彌 |
city state of the Silk Road |
| Yutian 于闐 |
city state of the Silk Road |
| Z [top] |
| Zhalaite 扎賚特 |
Chinese for J̌alaid, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Zhalute 扎魯特 |
Chinese for J̌arud, see Mongols (Qing) |
| Zhancheng 占城 |
Chinese name for Champa, a state or group of states in modern southern Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia |
| Zhenla 真臘 |
Chinese name for a state or a group of states in Cambodia (known as Chenla, 6.-9. Jh.), and for the Khmer empire |
| Zhunga'r 準噶爾 |
Chinese name for the Dzungars or Oirats |
| Zihe 子合 |
state in the Pamir Range, on the way to India |
| Zubu 阻卜 |
Mongolian tribe, alternative name for Tatars |
| Zufa'r 祖法兒 |
Chinese name for Dhofar in Arabia |
