See also titles of rulers. The state of Lu has the character of an old veritable dukedom because it was the fiefdom of Zhou Gong Dan 周公但, the brother of King Zhou Wuwang 周武王. Furthermore, it was the homestate of Confucius (Kongzi) 孔子. During the Western Zhou (Xizhou) 西周 period Lu was a powerful state that dominated the east of the Yellow River plain and conquered the minor states of Qi 杞, Zhu 邾, Ju 莒, Ji 極, and Fang 防, and it was given tributes by the states of Cao 曹, Teng 滕, Xue 薛, and Ji 紀. From the Spring and Autumn (Chunqiu) 春秋 period on, three sidelines of the house of Ji 姬 challenged the position of the power of the dukedom: the three families Jisun 季孫, Shusun 叔孫 and Mengsun 孟孫 (or Zhongsun 仲孫), also called the "Three Huans" (Sanhuan 三桓) as there representants were descendants of Duke Huan 魯桓公.　In 594 a new tax system to tax the fields was introduced, in 562 the army was reorganized. The result of these measures was a new centralization of the power of the Dukes of Lu until 400 BC. Lu was destroyed by the mighty southern state of Chu 楚 at the end of the Warring States (Zhanguo) 戰國 period. The name of the state of Lu was later used as name of princedoms. Rulers of Lu 魯 Capital: Qufu 曲阜 (modern Qufu/Shandong; old Yan 奄) Lu Zhougong 魯周公 "Zhou Gong Dan 周公但" (Ji Dan 姬但, the Duke of Zhou, brother of King Zhou Wuwang) (Ji) Boqin, Duke of Lu 魯公(姬)伯禽 (Qinfu 禽父; time of King Zhou Chengwang) Lu Xiaogong (1) 魯考公 (Ji You 姬酉; time of King Zhou Kangwang) Lu Shanggong 魯煬公 (Ji Xi 姬熙) Lu Yougong 魯幽公 (Ji Zai 姬宰or Yi 懌; time of King Zhou Zhaowang) Lu Weigong 魯魏公 (Ji Fei 姬[水+費] or Kui 潰) Lu Ligong 魯厲公 (Ji Zhuo 姬擢; time of King Zhou Muwang) Lu Xiangong 魯獻公 (Ji Ju 姬具) Lu Zhengong 魯真公 (Ji Bi 姬濞) 856-826 ? Lu Wugong 魯武公 (Ji Ao 姬敖) 825-816 Lu Yigong 魯懿公 (Ji Xi 姬戲) 815-807 Lord (Ji) Boyu 姬伯御君 (usurper) 806-796 Lu Xiaogong (2) 魯孝公 (Ji Cheng 姬稱) 796-769 Lu Huigong 魯惠公 (Ji Funie 姬弗涅) 768-723 Lu Yingong 魯隱公 (Ji Xigu 姬息姑; First Chunqiu ruler of Lu) 722-712 Lu Huangong 魯桓公 (Ji Gui 姬軌) 711-694 Lu Zhuanggong 魯莊公 (Ji Tong 姬同) 693-662 (Ji Ban 姬般) Lu Mingong 魯湣(閔)公 (Ji Qifang 姬啟方) 661-660 Lu Xigong 魯釐(僖)公 (Ji Shen 姬申; Lu dominated by the Three Huan Clans Sanhuan 三桓: Zhongsun 仲孫, Shusun 叔孫, and Jisun 季孫) 659-627 Lu Wengong (1) 魯文公 (Ji Xing 姬興) 626-609 (Ji Chi 姬赤) Lu Xuangong 魯宣公 (Ji Wo 姬倭) 608-591 Lu Chenggong 魯成公 (Ji Heixuan 姬黑眩 or Heigong 黑肱) 590-573 Lu Xianggong 魯襄公 (Ji Wu 姬午; birth of Confucius) 572-542 (A Son of Lady Yu ChugongYu Chugong Zi 于楚宮子) Lu Zhaogong 魯昭公 (Ji Chou 姬稠 or 裯) 541-510 Lu Dinggong 魯定公 (Ji Song 姬宋) 509-495 Lu Aigong 魯哀公 (Ji Jiang 姬蔣; death of Confucius trad. Zhou Jingwang 41 renxu, 4th month, 18th day yichou) 494-467 Lu Daogong 魯悼公 (Ji Ning 姬寧) 466-429 Lu Yuangong 魯元公 (Ji Jia 姬嘉) 428-408 Lu Mugong 魯穆公 (Ji Xian 姬顯) 407-377 Lu Gonggong 魯共公 (Ji Fen 姬奮) 376-353 Lu Kanggong 魯康公 (Ji Tun 姬屯) 352-344 Lu Jinggong 魯景公 (Ji Yan 姬匽) 343-315 Lu Pinggong 魯平公 (Ji Lü 姬旅) 314-296 Lu Wengong (2) 魯文公, or Lu Mingong 魯湣公 (Ji Jia 姬賈) 295-273 Lu Qinggong 魯頃公 (Ji Chou 姬讎) 255 Chu occupies Lu, enfeoffs the Lord of Lu with Ju 莒 249 Chu destroys Lu 272-255

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