ChinaKnowledge.de -
An Encyclopaedia on Chinese History and Literature

Taoyetu bianci 陶冶圖編次

Jul 24, 2024 © Ulrich Theobald

Taoyetu bianci 陶冶圖編次 is a book on porcelain production written on order of the imperial court during the high Qing period 清 (1644-1911). The text was compiled by Tang Ying 唐英 (1682-1756), courtesy name Jungong 俊公 (also written 隽公) or Shuzi 叔子, style Woji Jushi 蝸寄居士, Taoren 陶人 or Gubai Xiansheng 古柏先生, from the Plain White Chinese Martial Banner (Hanjun zhengbai qi 漢軍正白旗). He was also known as Tang Tao 唐窑 "Tang the Kiln [Supervisor]". He was vice director (yuanwailang 員外郎) in the Imperial Household Department (neiwufu 內務府) and was in 1728 made supervisor of the imperial pottery kilns (dutao guan 督陶官) at Jingdezhen 景德鎮, Jiangxi, the "capital" of the Chinese porcelain production. Tang was also known as a playwright.

In 1743, the court provided Tang with a set of 20 images of various steps of porcelain production and ordered him to add descriptive text. The images were created by Sun Gu 孫祜, Zhou Kun 周鯤 and Ding Guanpeng 丁觀鵬, while the titles and annotations of the images were calligraphed by Dai Lin 戴臨.

The Gubai Hall 古柏堂 printed the resulting illustrated book. The illustrations describe all important steps of the whole process of porcelain production. The titles of the images are:

Table 1. Steps of porcelain production according to the Taoyetu bianci 陶冶圖編次
采石制泥 Quarrying and preparing clay
淘練泥土 Washing and refining clay
鍊灰配釉 Preparing ash and mixing glaze
制造匣鉢 Making saggars
圓器修模 Trimming the mold for round ware
圓器拉坯 Throwing the round ware on a potter's wheel
琢器做坯 Shaping the ware
采取青料 Extracting cobalt blue pigment
揀選青料 Selecting cobalt blue pigment
印坯乳料 Applying slip to the ware
圓器青花 Painting blue and white designs on round ware
制畫琢器 Painting and decorating shaped ware
蘸釉吹釉 Dipping and spraying glaze
旋坯挖足 Trimming and shaping the foot of the ware
成坯人窯 Loading the ware into the kiln
燒坯開窯 Firing and opening the kiln
圓琢洋彩 Applying foreign (Western, Central Asian) colors to round and shaped ware
明爐暗爐 Bright kiln and dark kiln (refers to different types of kilns)
束草裝桶 Bundling straw and packing in barrels
祀神酬願 Offering to gods and fulfilling vows
Sources:
Beijing Dongfang Shoucangjia Xiehui 北京東方收藏家協會, ed. 1996. Zhonghua shoucang da cidian 中華收藏大辭典, 175. Beijing: Beijing Yanshan chubanshe.
Feng Shaojun 馮少俊. 2013. "Taoyetu bianci yanjiu 《陶冶圖編次》研究." Tushuguan yanjiu 圖書館研究 43(3): 126–128.
Zhou Yuan 周媛. 2011. "Lun Taoyetu yu Taoyetu shuo de yanjiu jiazhi 論《陶冶圖》與《陶冶圖說》的研究價值." Taoci yanjiu 陶瓷研究 2011(4): 108–109.
蜀漢 (221-263)