Taoyetu bianci 陶冶圖編次 is a book on porcelain production written on order of the imperial court during the high Qing period 清 (1644-1911). The text was compiled by Tang Ying 唐英 (1682-1756), courtesy name Jungong 俊公 (also written 隽公) or Shuzi 叔子, style Woji Jushi 蝸寄居士, Taoren 陶人 or Gubai Xiansheng 古柏先生, from the Plain White Chinese Martial Banner (Hanjun zhengbai qi 漢軍正白旗). He was also known as Tang Tao 唐窑 "Tang the Kiln [Supervisor]". He was vice director (yuanwailang 員外郎) in the Imperial Household Department (neiwufu 內務府) and was in 1728 made supervisor of the imperial pottery kilns (dutao guan 督陶官) at Jingdezhen 景德鎮, Jiangxi, the "capital" of the Chinese porcelain production. Tang was also known as a playwright.
In 1743, the court provided Tang with a set of 20 images of various steps of porcelain production and ordered him to add descriptive text. The images were created by Sun Gu 孫祜, Zhou Kun 周鯤 and Ding Guanpeng 丁觀鵬, while the titles and annotations of the images were calligraphed by Dai Lin 戴臨.
The Gubai Hall 古柏堂 printed the resulting illustrated book. The illustrations describe all important steps of the whole process of porcelain production. The titles of the images are:
采石制泥 | Quarrying and preparing clay |
淘練泥土 | Washing and refining clay |
鍊灰配釉 | Preparing ash and mixing glaze |
制造匣鉢 | Making saggars |
圓器修模 | Trimming the mold for round ware |
圓器拉坯 | Throwing the round ware on a potter's wheel |
琢器做坯 | Shaping the ware |
采取青料 | Extracting cobalt blue pigment |
揀選青料 | Selecting cobalt blue pigment |
印坯乳料 | Applying slip to the ware |
圓器青花 | Painting blue and white designs on round ware |
制畫琢器 | Painting and decorating shaped ware |
蘸釉吹釉 | Dipping and spraying glaze |
旋坯挖足 | Trimming and shaping the foot of the ware |
成坯人窯 | Loading the ware into the kiln |
燒坯開窯 | Firing and opening the kiln |
圓琢洋彩 | Applying foreign (Western, Central Asian) colors to round and shaped ware |
明爐暗爐 | Bright kiln and dark kiln (refers to different types of kilns) |
束草裝桶 | Bundling straw and packing in barrels |
祀神酬願 | Offering to gods and fulfilling vows |