Guifan 閨範

Guifan 閨範 "Rules for the boudoir" is an educational book for women written by the Ming-period 明 (1368-1644) writer Lü Kun 呂坤 (1536-1618). The book is 3-juan long, each juan corresponding to one chapter.

In the first part Lü Kun explains in the theoretical framework how excellent women should behave to fit into the Confucian concept of society. The two other chapters imitate the Han-period 漢 (206 BCE-220 CE) book Lienüzhuan 烈女傳 and present biographies of outstanding women to highlight each aspect of female conduct with the help of examples of the "wise women of the past" (xianzhe 先哲). Each biography is accompanied by an illustration and an explanative paragraph.

A personal yet representative standpoint of the author is that women should learn how to behave, but texts like the Guifan could make it easier for women to learn what was important. To read other books was, in a Confucian's eyes, not necessary. The Guifan was very widespread during the Ming period.