Ningzi 甯子

The book Ningzi 甯子 "Master Ning" was a Confucian treatise compiled during the Warring States period 戰國 (5th cent.-221 BCE) by Ning Yue 寧越, who hailed from Zhongmou 中牟, Henan, and was a teacher of King Weilie 周威烈王 (r. 425-402 BCE) of the Zhou dynasty 周 (11th. cent.-221 BC).

The imperial bibliography Yiwen zhi 藝文志 in the official dynastic history Hanshu 漢書 says that the book Ning Yue was only one chapter long. The Qing-period 清 (1644-1911) scholar Ma Guohan 馬國翰 (1794-1857) collected information about Ning Yue and quotations from his teachings in the books Lüshi chunqiu 呂氏春秋 and Shuoyuan 說苑.

It can be learnt that Ning Yue was, during his lifetime, just as famous as Confucius or the Mohist philosopher Mozi 墨翟, but, unlike these, never occupied a high office. Ning Yuan lived as a peasant, but a friend told him that thirty years of studies would liberate him from the bitterness of life. Ning, as a very ambitious person, completed these studies within fifteen years.

Ning Yue is also wrongly mentioned in the book Huainanzi 淮南子, where the character 戚 for Ning Qi 寧戚 is erroneously written 戊, or 越, respectively. The results of Ma Guohan's research are to be found in his series Yuhan shanfang jiyi shu 玉函山房輯佚書.