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Tianxue chuhan 天學初函 is a series of collectanea on astronomy and astronomical mathematics compiled during the late Ming period 明 (1368-1644) by Li Zhizao 李之藻 (1571-1630) and Xu Guangqi 徐光啟 (1562-1633), disciples of the Italian Jesuit Matteo Ricci (Ch. Li Madou 利瑪竇; 1552-1610). On the one hand, Li and Xu enthusiastically studied Western science, and on the other, they promptly translated Western books into Chinese, facilitating their dissemination among intellectuals. The Tianxue chuhan includes, in two collections, 20 texts with a total length of 52 juan. The series is divided into two parts, focusing on theory (Libian 理編), with 9 texts, and devices (Qibian 器編), with 11 texts.
This collection serves as a scientific and technological compendium covering Western astronomy, mathematics, hydraulics, and surveying, contributing to the dissemination of Western scientific knowledge and culture in China.
The original print encompassed 32 thread-bound booklets. During the Chongzhen reign-period 崇禎 (1628-1644), the tools section was printed separately, with the title Tixue chuhan qibian 天學初函器編.
| (Ming) 李之藻 Li Zhizao, 徐光啟 Xu Guangqi (comp.) Edition from the Chongzhen reign-period |
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| 書名, length in juan | Title | Author(s) |
| 理編 九種 Theory | ||
|---|---|---|
| 西學凡 一卷 (附)景教流行中國碑頌 一卷 |
Xixue fan app. Jingjiao liuxing Zhongguo bei song |
(Ming) 艾儒略 Ai Rulüe (Guilio Aleni) (Tang) 釋景淨 Monk Jingjing; (Ming) 李之藻 Li Zhizao (comm.) |
| 重刻畸人十篇 二卷 (附)冷石生演畸人十規 一卷 西琴曲意 一卷 |
Chongke chouren shi pian app. Lengshi Sheng yan shouren shi gui Xiqin quyi |
(Ming) NN (Ming) 利瑪竇 Li Madou (Matteo Ricci) |
| 交友論 一卷 | Jiaoyulun | (Ming) 利瑪竇 Li Madou (Matteo Ricci) |
| 重刻二十五言 一卷 | Chongke ershiwu yan | (Ming) 利瑪竇 Li Madou (Matteo Ricci; narr.) |
| 天主實義 二卷 | Tianzhu shiyi | (Ming) 利瑪竇 Li Madou (Matteo Ricci) |
| 辨學遺牘 一卷 | Bianxue yidu | (Ming) NN |
| 七克 七卷 | Qike | (Ming) 龐迪我 Pang Diwo (Diego de Pantoja) |
| 靈言蠡勺 二卷 | Lingyan lishao | (Ming) 畢方濟 Bi Fangji (Francesco Sambiasi; narr.); 徐光啓 Xu Guangqi (rec.) |
| 職方外記 五卷 | Zhifang waiji | (Ming) 艾儒略 Ai Ruolüe (Guilio Aleni, trans.); 楊廷筠 Yang Tingyun (comp.) |
| 器編 十一種 Tools | ||
| 泰西水法 六卷 | Taixi shuifa | (Ming) 熊三拔 Xiong Sanba (Sabatino de Ursis; narr.); 徐光啓 Xu Guangqi (rec.) |
| 渾蓋通憲圖說 二卷 卷首一卷 | Hungai tongxian tushuo | (Ming) 李之藻 Li Zhizao; 鄭懷魁 Zheng Huaikui (rev.) |
| 幾何原本 六卷 | Jihe yuanben | (Ming) 利瑪竇 Li Madou (Matteo Ricci; narr.); 徐光啓 Xu Guangqi (rec.) |
| 表度說 一卷 | Biaodushuo | (Ming) 熊三拔 Xiong Sanba (Sabatino de Ursis; narr.); 周子愚 Zhou Ziyu, 卓爾康 Zhuo Kang'er (rec.) |
| 天文略 一卷 | Tianwenlüe | (Ming) 陽瑪諾 Yang Manuo (Manuel Dias); 周希令 Zhou Xiling, 孔貞時 Kong Zhenshi, 王應熊 Wang Yingxiong (rev.) |
| 簡平儀說 一卷 | Jianpingyi shuo | (Ming) 熊三拔 Xiong Sanba (Sabatino de Ursis; narr.); 徐光啓 Xu Guangqi (rec., rev.) |
| 同文算指前編 二卷 通編 八卷 |
Tongwen suanzhi qianbian Tongbian |
(Ming) 利瑪竇 Li Madou (Matteo Ricci; narr.); 李之藻 Li Zhizao (comp.) |
| 圜容較義 一卷 | Huanrong jiaoyi | (Ming) 利瑪竇 Li Madou (Matteo Ricci; narr.); 李之藻 Li Zhizao (comp.) |
| 測量法義 一卷 (附)測量異同 一卷 |
Celiang fayi app. Celiang yitong |
(Ming) 利瑪竇 Li Madou (Matteo Ricci; narr.); 徐光啓 Xu Guangqi (rec.) |
| 句股義 一 | Gouguyi | (Ming) 徐光啓 Xu Guangqi |