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The collection Yilin 意林 "Forest of meanings", original titles Fufeng Ma Zong yuanhui bian 扶風馬總元會編 or Yilin yuyao 意林語要, was written during the Tang period 唐 (618-907) by the scholar and politician Ma Zong 馬總 (d. 823). Ma Zong, courtesy name Huiyuan 會元, hailed from Fufeng 扶風 (in today's Shaanxi province), and wrote a lot of historiographical books, like Tongji 通紀 (chronicle), Nianli 年曆 (almanach) or Zouyi 奏議 (memorials to the throne).
The book Yilin has a length of 5 juan and contains biography-like stories of eminent persons. There is a print from the late Ming period 明 (1368-1644), which is not the original text. The Yilin was finished in 786.
It is modelled after Yu Zhongrong's 庾仲容 (475-548) 30-juan-long Zichao 子鈔 from the Liang period 梁 (502-557). Ma Zong criticised the missing balance of Yu's book between the shortness of some of the biographies included, while others were too peripatetic and long, and tried to amend this error. The Yilin can be called an encyclopaedia because of the concise language with which the biographies are written. It contains a lot of quotations, the sources of which have been lost for a long time.
| 勇有五等：負长劒，赴榛薄，析兕豹，搏熊罴，此徒獵之勇也。 | There are five types of courage: Bearing a long sword, penetrating the dense forests, slaying rhinos and panthers, engaging bears and ursids - this is the courage of hunters. |
| 負长劒，赴深泉，斬蛟龍，搏鼋鼍，此漁人之勇也。 | Bearing a long sword, penetrating depths and wells, beheading snakes and dragons, engaging turtles and lizards - this is the courage of fishermen. |
| 登高陟危，鵠立四望，顔色不變，此陶缶之勇也； | Climbing summits and proceeding to the cliffs, looking out into the four directions, without the face blanching - this is the courage of [having the king of Qin] beating a ceramic drum. |
| 剽必刺，視必殺，此五刑之勇也；。 | Robbery will lead to being tattooed, exposure (?) will lead to execution - this is the courage of the five corporal punishments. |
| 昔齊桓公以魯為南境，鲁公優之，三日不食。曹沬請擊頸以血濺桓公。公懼，不知所措。管仲乃勸與之盟。曹沬匹夫之士，布衣柔履之人，一怒卻萬乘之師，存千乘之國，此君子之勇也。 | In the time of Duke Huan of Qi 齊桓公 (r. 685-643), the state of Lu was the southern border of Qi. Duke [Zhuang] of Lu 魯莊公 was so worried about this that he did not eat for three days. Cao Mei 曹沬 thereupon asked [the Duke of Lu for allowance] to scratch the neck of Duke Huan and splash his blood. Duke Huan was shocked [by this attack] and did not know what to do. Guan Zhong 管仲 thereupon persuaded him to create an alliance with Lu. Cao Mei, an ordinary serviceman, simply clothed and wearing shoes without hard sole, with one outburst he was able to check a country of ten thousand chariots and to preserve one of a mere thousand - this is the courage of a nobleman. |
The Yilin is included in the series Siku quanshu 四庫全書, Xuejin taoyuan 學津討源, Juxuexuan congshu 聚學軒叢書 and the Daoist Canon Daozang 道藏.